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The Société Libre des Beaux-Arts ("Free Society of Fine Arts") was an organization formed in 1868 by Belgian artists to react against academicism and to advance Realist painting and artistic freedom. Based in Brussels, the society was active until 1876, by which time the aesthetic values it espoused had infiltrated the official Salon.〔(Arto: Aperçus historiques )〕 It played a formative role in establishing avant-gardism in Belgium.〔Julius Kaplan, entry on "Société Libre des Beaux-Arts," in ''The Grove Dictionary of Art. From Renaissance to Impressionism: Styles and Movements in Western Art, 1400–1900'' (St. Martin's Press, 2000), p. 343.〕 The first exhibition of the Free Society was held in 1868〔Arto: Aperçus historiques.〕 to provide an alternative art space beyond the Salon. Three exhibitions were held in 1872.〔''Grove'', p. 343.〕 The society's manifesto was written by and published 31 January 1869. It promoted the "free and individual interpretation of nature" characteristic of Realist art, along with avant-garde concepts such as "struggle, change, freedom, progress, originality and tolerance."〔''Grove'', p. 343.〕 The society published the periodicals ''L'Art Libre'', a bi-monthly review (1871–72), and ''L'Art Universel'' (1873–76). In the first issue of ''L'Art Libre'', they collectively asserted: The goals of the Free Society were influenced by aesthetic ideals set forth by Gustave Courbet and the Barbizon artists and by the poet Charles Baudelaire. "Modernity" and "sincerity" were keywords.〔Arto: Aperçus historiques.〕 Official cultural critics were at first openly hostile. Two early champions, however, were the critics Camille Lemonnier, a member, who urged that they should "be of their own time," and Théo Hannon (1851-1916), who saw them as rebels against artificiality.〔''Grove'', p. 343.〕 A group portrait by society member Edmond Lambrichs shows the 16 artists of the original organizing committee.〔''Grove'', p. 343.〕 The society attracted in particular landscape painters working at the Atelier Saint-Luc of Brussels, also known as the Académie de Saint-Luc (''ca.'' 1846–1864).〔Arto: Aperçus historiques.〕 Louis Dubois, Félicien Rops, Constantin Meunier and Louis Artan de Saint-Martin are considered leading members.〔Philippe Robert-Jones, ''The history of Painting in Belgium'' (Renaissance du Livre, 1995), p. 20.〕 Most of the society's members had also belonged to the Artistic and Literary Circle of Brussels and the Royal Belgian Society of Watercolorists.〔''Cercle artistique et littéraire de Bruxelles'' and ''Société royale belge des Aquarellistes.''〕 After the society dissolved, several members joined groups such as ''La Chrysalide'' and ''Les XX''.〔Arto: Aperçus historiques.〕 ==List of original members== * Edouard Agneessens * Louis Artan de Saint-Martin * * Théodore Baron * Antoine-Félix Bouré * Paul Jean Clays * Marie Collart-Henrotin (1842-1911) * * * Hippolyte de la Charlerie * Louis Dubois * Adrien-Joseph Heymans * * Edmond Lambrichs (1830-1887) * Paul Lauters * Camille Lemonnier * Constantin Meunier * * Félicien Rops * * * Henri Van der Hecht (1841-1901) * Isidore Verheyden * Alfred Verwee The society expressed an internationalist desire by inviting Courbet, Corot, Charles-François Daubigny, Théodore Rousseau and Jean-François Millet to join as honorary members.〔''Grove'', p. 343; William Orpen, ''The Outline of Art'' (W.H. Wise, 1934), p. 359.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Société Libre des Beaux-Arts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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